2.02 Задание 11. Задание на понимание структурно-смысловых связей в прочитанном тексте

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

NOT ENOUGH VIOLA PLAYERS

There is currently a national shortage of viola players in Britain. For those playing the instrument (larger in size and deeper in tone than the violin), A______________. Places in orchestras and on music courses are more readily available for them than for the larger numbers of violinists.

Last weekend, for example, the National Children’s Orchestra (NCO) began rehearsals with viola places still vacant. ‘Violists are in short supply, says Vivienne Price, the NCO’s founder and vice-president. ‘People all want to be first violin but B_______________ . All the different kinds are required, not just one.’

With more than 300 of the country’s top violinists competing for 170 places in the NCO this year, standards were very high, even for the training section, which takes seven to ten-year-olds. But there were just 63 competing for the NCO’s 70 viola positions and, as a result, candidates who have not reached the same standard as those applying for the violin places were accepted. ‘We encourage children to apply for the training orchestra, С_______________, says Miss Price.

Peter Hewitt, director of the junior department of the Royal College of Music, says D_______________, with 24 players, but there are many more violinists. 'Younger children particularly like the glamour of the melody line, and the bass line has its attractions,' he says. `But the middle line, which is played by the viola, is a problem. I think the viola has a gorgeous sound, but E_______________ .' 

Both the Royal College and the NCO are trying to encourage children to take up the viola. It really frustrates me,' says Roger Clarkson, the NCO's director of music. 'People will say that, if you can't play the violin, F_______________ . But the viola is actually a wonderful instrument in its own right.' 
 

1. it has always been an instrument people have avoided
2. if lots of violinists decide to change to the viola
3. even if they are not as far advanced
4. you should go on to the viola
5. there are plenty of opportunities in a variety of organisations
6. it is currently 'reasonably well off' for violas
7. they should realise it is like voices in a choir 
 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

A QUICK WORKOUT CAN DO YOU AS MUCH GOOD AS A LONG ONE 

For those who are too busy to spend as long exercising at the gym as they would like — and for those who are a bit lacking in the willpower department — there is good news. Researchers have found that fitness enthusiasts can reduce the time they spend working out by two-thirds A__________.   

A study involving male weightlifters has suggested that there is no point in exercising for long periods. Those who exercised less saw a significant decrease in body fat. The study focused on 16 students aged 19 to 23, B__________. They were split into two groups. Both carried out upper-body training three times a week for eight weeks. One group did one series of eight repetitions, C__________. At the end of the study, both groups had improved `significantly' in terms of muscular strength, said the researchers.

Report author Dr Julien Baker said: 'This study indicates that it is unnecessary D__________ and that a shorter work-out may achieve the same results. Many fitness classes are now shorter in duration and promise results in quicker times, and there is much research to suggest that interval training — intense activity E__________ - and shorter, high-intensity workouts — performing at 80 per cent of your maximum aerobic capacity — can achieve maximum results in shorter periods. This kind of research may see a change in the way we exercise and show that it may be better to do a number of regular express workouts which would fit in with the busy lives that many lead.' 

Dr Baker said he also hoped the findings would encourage more people F__________.  `The more people we get doing a little exercise which is beneficial, as opposed to fewer people doing a lot of exercise, the better it will be,' he added. 

1. to spend hours at the gym

2. who already worked out regularly

3. but this made no difference

4. followed by a short recovery period

5. and still achieve the same results

6. to take up exercise

7. while the other did three sets of the same exercise 
 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Zaryadye Park in Moscow

For its 870th birthday, Moscow got a gift that will keep on giving — Zaryadye Park. Zaryadye Park is the newest and the most modern park of Moscow. It is the city's first large-scale park in 50 years, A__________  perhaps transform the international perception of Russia's capital.

The amazing 35-acre park, B__________ , samples the country's distinct regional landscapes: steppes, tundra, wetlands and forests. They are all beautifully set not far from the Kremlin and Red Square. Apart from the 70-metre-high "floating" bridge over the Moskva River, the park features an amphitheater, five pavilions, and a concert hall. 

The park stands in the historic district and on the former site of the old Soviet hotel, C__________. The initial idea was to turn the site into a retail complex, D__________  a new public green space instead.

Harmonizing urban life and nature, the architects created E__________.  Zaryadye Park will be perfect for a short period of rest among its 750 gardens. Visitors can also enjoy a spectacular view from the "floating bridge," explore Moscow with a multimedia flight simulator and walk through an ice cave. Apart from being an exceptional architectural project and a futuristic public space, some people expect F__________ on Moscow and Russia in general. 

1. but it was decided to give Muscovites
2. which was completely demolished in 2006
3. a space where visitors may wander freely
4. which was designed by an international consortium
5. an unattractive urban landscape in the city's suburb
6. which has brought "wild urbanism" into Moscow to
7. that Zaryadye Park will provide an entirely new outlook 
 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Tsaritsyno Palace Complex

The Tsaritsyno Palace complex is a modern-day manifestation of the exotic summer residence that Catherine the Great began in 1775 but never finished. It is located on a wooded hill in the southeast of Moscow. Architect Vasily Bazhenov had been working on the project for 10 years before he was sacked. The empress hired another architect, Matvey Kazakov, A__________. The massive structure remained unfinished and abandoned for more than 200 years, B__________  to finish it in 2007.

Nowadays, the Grand Palace is a fantastic eclectic building C__________. Inside, exhibits are dedicated to the history of Tsaritsyno, D__________. The nearby kitchen building, or the Bread House, also hosts rotating exhibits, sometimes culinary and sometimes covering topics such as icons and art. The Bread House is a pleasant place to hear classical concerts in summer.

The extensive grounds include some other lovely buildings, E__________, the Cavalry buildings, greenhouses with tropical plants, and some interesting bridges. A pond is bedecked with a fantastic fountain set to music. The English-style wooded park stretches all the way south to the Upper Tsaritsyno Pond, F__________, and west to the Tsaritsyno Palace complex. The park is best accessed from Orekhovo metro station. 

1. as well as the life of Catherine the Great
2. but the project eventually ran out of money
3. who is considered to be a modern designer
4. until the Russian government finally decided
5. such as the Small Palace, the working church
6. that combines old Russian, Gothic and Arabic styles
7. which has rowing boats available for hire in summer 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Stonehenge is probably the most important prehistoric monument in Britain. The Stonehenge that we see today is the final stage A__________. But first let us look back 5,000 years.

The first Stonehenge was a large earthwork or Henge, comprising a ditch, bank, and the Aubrey holes, all probably built around 3100 BC. The Aubrey holes are round pits in the chalk, about one metre wide and deep, B__________. Excavations have revealed cremated human bones in some of the chalk filling, but the holes themselves were probably made not for the purpose of graves but as part of the religious ceremony. Short-ly after this stage Stonehenge was abandoned, left untouched for over 1000 years.

The second and most dramatic stage of Stonehenge started around 2150 BC. Some 82 bluestones from south-west Wales were transported to the site. It is thought that these stones, some weighing 4 tonnes each, were dragged on rollers and sledges to the headwaters and then loaded onto rafts. This astonishing journey covered nearly 240 miles. Once at the site, these stones were set up in the centre C__________.

The third stage of Stonehenge, about 2000 BC, saw the arrival of the Sarsen stones. The largest of the Sarsen stones weigh 50 tonnes and transportation by water would have been impossible D__________. These stones were arranged in an outer circle with a continuous run of lintels. Inside the circle, five trilithons were placed in a horse-shoe arrangement, E__________. 

The final stage took place soon after 1500 BC F__________. The original number of stones in the bluestone circle was probably around sixty. They have long since been removed or broken up. Some remain only as stumps below ground level.

1. when the bluestones were rearranged in the horseshoe and circle that we see today
2. to form an incomplete double circle
3. which form a circle about 284 feet in diameter
4. which were almost certainly brought from the Marlborough Downs
5. so the stones could only have been moved using sledges and ropes
6. whose remains we can still see today
7. that was completed about 3,500 years ago

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

'Tune In, Turn On, and Drop Out' was the motto of the hippie movement that grew partially out of young America's disillusionment with the Vietnam War. Hippies were mainly white teenagers and young adults A __________.

The immediate precursor to the hippies was the so-called Beat Generation of the late 1950s. But where the intellectual beats tended to stay out of politics, the hippies were known as much for their politi-cal outspokenness B __________. Their opposition to the Vietnam War became one of the most significant aspects of the grow-ing antiwar movement throughout the latter half of the 1960s.

To express their protests; and to 'turn on' others, the hippies used art, street theatre and particularly nattsic. This culture reached its peak in the summer of 1967, when a concert in San -Francisco's Golden, Gate Park introduced the music of the hippies to a wider audience. The concert inspired thousands of young people around the country to head to San Francisco, C __________.

In the 60's, hippies sought to free themselves from societal restric-tions, choose their own way and find new meaning in life. This made hippies instantly recognizable to one another and served D __________.

Hippies often chose brightly coloured, clothing. Much of hippie clothing was self-made, and hippies often purchased their clothes froin flea markets and 'second-hand shops. Natural and foreign accessories for both men and women included Native American jewellery;' head-. bands and long beaded necklaces. Tie-dyeing was very fashionable E __________.
Hippie culture spread worldwide. through a fusion of rock music,: folk' and blues. It also found expression in literature,*fashion, and the visual arts, F __________.

Eventually the hippie movement extended far beyond the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, and appeared in Australia,Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Brazil and many other countries.

1. as a visual symbol of their willingness, to question authority

2. who shared distrust towards traditional values and authority

3. as part of hippie style and still is today

4. as for their long hair and colourful clothing

5. which were against the war and the government

6. including film, posters and album covers

7. some wearing flowers in their hair

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Ever wonder A__________? There's actually quite a bit of science going on behind the scenes, with several components working together to bring you that digital-quality signal.

Your channel selection begins with the programming sources themselves. Companies like Showtime, HBO or Cinemax create their programming. Channel providers then purchase rights to this programming B__________. Once a provider has their programming in place, they turn their attention to the broadcast centre to compress and convert the programming for satellite broadcast.

Your Dish Network Programming originally arrives as a digital stream of video, which is then compressed and converted through an encoder, typically using the MPEG2 format. This format reduces the overall size of the video, C__________.

Once encoded, the video is then encrypted D__________. After the video has been encrypted, it is sent to the provider's satellite, strategically positioned in the sky.

The satellite itself uses a dish similar to your own satellite dish, to receive the video and send it back down to Earth. When the satellite sends the signal back down to Earth, it is picked up by your satellite dish, a small round antenna that receives the satellite's broadcast and sends the video on to your satellite TV receiver. 

The satellite TV receiver is that little black box that sits inside your home and allows you to choose E__________. The receiver actually performs several important functions in the satellite viewing process, including the decryption of the signal itself. If you remember, the satellite signal was scrambled by the provider to protect it from unpaying consumers. Your receiver 'descrambles' that signal and converts the signal into a format F__________. Together these amazing components create a vividly clear digital picture for over 200 satellite channels.

1. which channel you want to watch
2. including a power source and a computer system
3. so that the broadcast can only be viewed by paying subscribers
4. so that they can broadcast the shows via satellite
5. how your satellite TV system works
6. making it possible for a satellite to broadcast hundreds of channels at the same time
7. that your television can handle 
 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Both Russian society and the Russian state authorities pay special attention to young people living in modern Russia.

The draft of the Program for Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation makes a special mention of the fact that "it is necessary to put into the foreground all kinds of measures designed A__________ who enjoy moral and physical health, and to draw attention of the regulatory bodies on all levels of government to B__________ to the maintenance of their rights to quality education, creative development, and meaningful diversions in their free time. Various institutions existing in our society must play an important role in achieving these goals."

Today's situation in the field of developing the new generation of young people is twofold. On the one hand, young people in modern Russia are more self-dependent, practical and mobile than ever before. They feel responsible for their own destiny and are thus С __________ along with first-class vocational training, which does influence their subsequent job placement and their future careers. Young Russians aspire to further integrate into the international youth scene, and D__________.

On the other hand, however, young people have shown lower levels of interest and participation in political, economic and cultural developments. Also, death rate of unnatural causes is on the rise among young Russians. In the main risk group are those between 15 and 24 years of age: this group shows the largest increase of deaths due to unnatural causes, including those resulting from drug abuse and AIDS. On the average, the criminalization of young Russians is rising, too, plus various destructive subcultures and groups have been E__________.

Social integration of young people with disabilities, of orphans and of disadvantaged teenagers living in troubled families is still a very burning problem.

The Government of the Russian Federation has recognized F__________ aimed at improving the condition of the young people.

The Ministry is currently developing a document under the title Strategy of the Russian Federation for State Youth Development Policies.

Basic priorities of this Strategy for the next five years are defined by the existing situation in the realm of youth development in Russia and by the goals of the social and economic development of the country.

1. the importance of developing and effectively implementing policies
2. increasing their influence on Russian youth
3. very interested in getting high-quality education
4. the importance of social development of children and youth
5. to participate in global economic, political and humanitarian developments
6. to bring up competent and responsible young people
7. the rise among young Russians

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for the best original full-length novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland. It aims to represent the greatest in contemporary literature and promotes the finest in fiction by rewarding the best book of the year. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, A__________ However, it was better-known as simply the `Booker Prize'. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping `Booker'.

Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted B__________. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize. Then it selects the people C__________. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.

Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender and professions within the industry. A writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been finalized, they are left to make their own decisions D__________. The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics E__________. The influence of the prize is so great that the winner will almost certainly see the considerable sales increase, in addition to the £50,000 F__________. In 1992, a Booker Russian Novel Prize was introduced. 

1. without any further interference from the prize sponsor
2. so as to maintain the consistent quality of the prize
3. who will judge the books
4. so as to sell them
5. which was the name of the company that sponsored it
6. that comes with the prize
7. they think should be included 
 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Kremlin in Izmailovo 

Almost every tourist who visited Moscow is familiar with the Kremlin, but only few of them know that there is another one located out of the mainstream tourist path. The Kremlin in Izmailovo was built A__________ with an imitation of the Russian architecture of the 18th century in mind. The territory of Izmailovo complex accommodates up to 5,000 people B__________. Great atmosphere, unique architecture and Russian crafts are all waiting for tourists there.

The Izmailovo Kremlin tour is the most relaxing way to experience authentic Moscow and taste traditional Russian food. There one can find Tsar's Palace, built in the same style as the summer palace of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich, the Church of St Nicholas, C__________, museums, cafés, souvenir shops, etc.

The flea market gives a variety of Russian stuff to buy, D__________ to vintage jewelry, laces, books and records. Tourists can spend hours there E__________ as the choice is amazing. A visit to the Izmailovo flea market is like going to a museum because of endless rows of colourful unique items arid accessories of the past two centuries.

Tourists will learn about Russian historical events related to Izmailovo F__________ of the local Kremlin. A visit to the Museum of Folk Arts will help to get an insight into truly national crafts. 

1. looking for unusual Russian souvenirs
2. which were built in the old church tradition
3. on the days of major holidays and festivals
4. which is the highest wooden church in Russia
5. that affected a unique architectural appearance
6. as a cultural and entertainment complex in 2007
7. ranging from frames, samovars, coins and badges

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

On 25 October 1881, a little boy was born in Malaga, Spain. It was a difficult birth and to help him breathe, cigar smoke was blown into his nose! But despite being the youngest ever smoker, this baby grew up to be one of the 20th century's greatest painters — Pablo Picasso.

Picasso showed his truly exceptional talent from a very young age. His first word was lapiz (Spanish for pencil) and he learned to draw before he could talk.

He was the only son in the family and very good-looking, A__________. He hated school and often refused to go unless his doting parents allowed him to take one of his father's pet pigeons with him!

Apart from pigeons, his great love was art, and when in 1891 his father, who was an amateur artist, got a job as a drawing teacher at a college, Pablo went with him to the college. He often watched his father painting and sometimes was allowed to help. One evening his father was painting a picture of their pigeons B__________. He returned to find that Pablo had completed the picture, and it was so amazingly beautiful and lifelike that he gave his son his own palette and brushes and never painted again. Pablo was just 13.

From then onwards there was no stopping him. Many people realized that he was a genius but he disappointed those C__________. He was always breaking the rules of artistic tradition and shocked the public with his strange and powerful pictures. He is probably best known for his 'Cubist' pictures, D__________. His paintings of people were often made up of triangles and squares with their features in the wrong place. His work changed our ideas about art E__________. Guernica, which he painted in 1937, records the bombing of that little Basque town during the Spanish Civil War, and is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces of modern painting. 

Picasso died of heart failure during an attack of influenza in 1973. The artist created over 6,000 paintings, drawings and sculptures. Today a 'Picasso' costs several million pounds, F__________.

1. which used only simple geometric shapes
2. so he was thoroughly spoilt
3. which is not surprising
4. that is why he was very hardworking
5. when he had to leave the room
6. who wanted him to become a traditional painter
7. that is why to millions of people modern art means the work of Picasso

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

The Bronze Horseman

Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great. During the following two centuries, A__________  the city quickly developed into the world's cultural centre. Despite numerous monumental buildings, the city has an unmistakable charm thanks to its channels, bridges and statues, B__________.  

The statue of Peter the Great, known as the Bronze Horseman, is a tribute to the founder of St. Petersburg. The monument is one of the most famous symbols of the city. The impressive statue depicts the founder of St. Petersburg C__________  guiding his country towards the future.

The pedestal of the statue resembles a cliff D__________  of red granite. It took nine months to transport it from the Gulf of Finland. An inscription on the side of the pedestal says "to Peter the First from Catherine the Second" in Latin and Russian.

Peter and his horse, E__________ sit atop the cliff, facing the west. It is said that the founder of the city faces the west because the countries of the West were his source of inspiration for ideas to reform Old Russia. A snake, symbol of treason, is trampled by the horse. As long F__________, the legend says, enemy forces will never overtake St. Petersburg. That legend led government officials to protect the statue during World War II with sandbags and a wooden structure surrounding it The statue survived through the war with barely a scratch. 

1. which is rearing up on its hind legs
2. as a quite determined absolute leader
3. and is made from one huge, solid piece
4. which give St. Petersburg romantic flair
5. when St. Petersburg was the capital of Russia
6. when channel cruises are so popular with tourists
7. as the statue keeps its location in Senatskaya Square 
 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood

The magnificent Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood is one of St. Petersburg's most memorable landmarks. The church, A__________ is decorated in a classical Russian style with colourful domes and glazed tiles.

The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood was built to honour Emperor Alexander II of Russia, who was assassinated at the site B__________, hence the reference to "spilled blood". Funding for this amazing structure was almost totally provided by the Imperial family with other donations from some individuals.

The architecture of the church varies greatly from other buildings and religious structures in St. Petersburg, C__________ and neo-Classical styles. The building, both inside and outside, features about 7,000 square metres of mosaics. Most of them were designed by the prominent artists of the time, including V. Vasnetsov, M. Nesterov and M. Vrubel. The majority of the mosaics depict biblical scenes D__________.  Bright enamels cover the colourful onion domes of the church.

During World War II, the church suffered great damage and afterwards was used for many years E__________. In 1970, St. Isaac's Cathedral assumed management of the church, and funds gathered for the cathedral were used F__________.  Restoration was finally completed in 1997. Nowadays the church remains one of St. Petersburg's top tourist attractions. 

1. where the church is located now
2. though some of them are simple designs
3. which were built by the best engineers
4. as storage space for a local opera company
5. which was built at the end of the 19th century
6. which were largely constructed in the Baroque
7. to restore the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

The Pantheon

Built more than 1800 years ago, the magnificent Pantheon still stands as s reminder of the great Roman Empire. The name "Pantheon" refers to the building's original function as a temple for all gods.

With its thick brick walls and large marble columns, the Pantheon makes an immediate impression on visitors. But the most remarkable part of the building is its dome. It was the largest dome in the world until 1436, A__________. At the top of the dome is a large opening, the oculus, B__________. The front portico has three rows of columns: the first row has eight columns C__________. A huge bronze door gives access to the cylindrical building. Its diameter equals the interior height of 43.3 metres.

The portico's sixteen huge columns were extracted in Egypt. They were transported all the way to Rome using barges and vessels. The columns, each one with a diameter of 1.5 meters, support a pediment with an inscription attributing the Pantheon to Marcus Agrippa D__________.  

The most important problem E__________ of the Pantheon was the massive weight of the large dome. In order to support it without proper reinforcement as is common today, the thickness of the walls was gradually decreased F__________ respectively during its construction. Asa result, the Pantheon still boasts the world's largest unreinforced solid concrete dome.

1. which was the only source of light
2. while the other two have four each
3. when the Pantheon was constructed
4. even though it was built by Hadrian
5. as the height of the building increased
6. when the Florence Cathedral was constructed
7. that the Romans faced during the construction

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Hermitage Museum

One of Russia's crowning achievements is the Hermitage Museum, a complex of large and impressive neoclassical buildings located in St Petersburg. The museum was created in 1764 by Catherine the Great and it contains over 3 million items A__________.  

As well as housing the Hermitage Museum, the imperial family of Russia made their home on the complex, in the Winter Palace, from 1732 to 1917. It was from this location that the emperors of Russia ruled over lands B__________.  

The museum's massive collection of paintings was started by Catherine the Great, when she purchased either 225 or 317 paintings (sources do not agree) from a merchant in Germany C__________. The paintings included works by Rembrandt, Rubens, van Dyck and Raphael. 

The operation of the museum during its early years consisted of hundreds of people employed by the Russian monarchy. The complex was also the location of several important events and festivals held by the Russian royal family D__________. Together with the large collection of art, the complex became a symbol of Russian pride. 

The ownership of the Hermitage Museum, its contents and its buildings passed to the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution of 1917. While some of its possessions were sold secretly, most of the collection remained intact E__________. Many works were shipped off for protection during the Second World War. 

In the 1990s it was revealed that the Hermitage Museum held collections from Germany that had been confiscated by the Red Army They are an important collection of French Impressionist and post-Impressionist artwork F__________. In 1995 they were displayed for the first time since the war ended. 

1. who had compiled a collection initially intended for the king of Prussia
2. and attended by the various nobility of the country
3. including the largest number of paintings of any museum in the world
4. who managed to hide much of the art from invading armies
5. originating from private collections taken during the war
6. and the Soviet government maintained the complex m a public museum
7. that spanned almost one sixth of the Earth's surface area

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Russian souvenirs

Russia is famous for its diversity, as well as its hospitality. The best way to show Russia to someone is to bring home something special. Matryoshka and balalaika are quite stereotypical presents. There are many other goods A__________.

Woolen shawls have always been popular in Russia because of cold winters. The shawls made in Pavlovsky Posad, B__________, are considered to be a traditional Russian gift. Woolen shawls and scarves have been made there since 1795. A wide shawl with a beautiful original pattern on it may be used like a blanket. It is nice to cover oneself up with it sitting in the armchair, watching a movie, C__________. The Pavlovsky Posad manufacture produces scarves for men as well. They can be bought through the Internet, or in brand stores, D__________.   

Belyovskaya pastila is a souvenir E__________. It has been made since the 19th century in the town of Belyov near Tula. This is a very special kind of Russian confection. Though it is called "pastila", it is not a marshmallow style delicacy. Belyovskaya pastila is made of dried apples. After they have been dried, they are mixed with egg whites and sugar and whipped. Belyovskaya pastila is similar to a cake, F__________ of apples. It is considered to be a natural product, and it is not of average price. Tourists can buy this kind of sweet at some confectioner's shops throughout Moscow. 

1. that one may buy in Moscow as a souvenir
2. which are situated in the centre of Moscow
3. that pleases the people with a sweet tooth
4. although it has a slightly sour taste
5. which is a town not very far from Moscow
6. riding a bike around the villages in Russia
7. reading a book, or drinking coffee or tea 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

From soup to liquid

The story of tea drinking could have started like this. Once upon a time the world was A__________ and those who drank it. Yet, the harsh truth is that before 700s no one even thought that tea could be anything else but soup.

Sometime in his adolescence, an up-and-coming writer and an accomplished clown, Lu Yu tasted tea soup for the first tint happened in one of the Buddhist monasteries in Central China. Lu was B__________ as it contained ginger, onion, dates, mint and even citrus peels. shed together into a smooth paste this 'sauce' was thought to be good for C__________. In fact, people in Asia ate tea leaves for millennia, but it was Lu Yu who made tea drinking the norm.

Lu Yu adored tea, but he preferred it brewed from D__________. When he was not busy writing or performing in a comedy troupe, he was searching through the forests for the best tea leaves. He was preparing E__________ transforming tea from a soupy food into the perfect liquid we know it today. Lu Yu even wrote a book titled the Tea Classic which spurred a craze for the leaf. In it he elaborated on the production and preparation of the leaf, F__________, and the wonderful qualities of the drink. He insisted that tea should only be consumed with water. 

1. extremely close to brewing fresh tea
2. the process of infusing tea leaves
3. divided between those who ate tea
4. the best brews for his wealthy friends
5. more than unimpressed with the brew
6. sharpening the mind and stimulating the body
7. powdered tea leaves, without any flavouring 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Travelling routes

Travelling through Europe has long been popular destination for people of all ages, from students and couples, to families and retirees. The breadth of possible vacations in Europe is enormous, from countless destinations A__________. Among the most popular countries in Europe for travellers are France, Italy, Spain Germany, Greece, and Portugal, B__________ and cruise ships.

There are many ways to see Europe. Trains are a very convenient way of seeing many of the countries, with an extensive rail system connecting countries, major cities and small towns. Ferries and cruise ships are popular along the Mediterranean Sea and also in some of the northern regions, such as the Baltics and Scandinavian countries. Those C__________ may choose to rent a car to travel aroun on their own.

Europe is a year-round destination. The months of July and August are by far the busiest, when Europeans take holidays and travellers from around the world come to enjoy the fine weather. The coastal areas are filled with people D__________. One only needs to take a drive along the coast during these months to fully appreciate this fact. The spring and fall are great times for those looking E__________ without the full intensity of the summer heat. Winter is definitely slower time of year for travellers but the mountains F__________, draw the winter sports enthusiasts.

1. to sightsee and explore the ancient sites
2. who are trying to escape the summer heat
3. who want more freedom and independence
4. which offer world-class skiing facilities
5. to winter sports facilities and equipment
6. which are often on the itinerary of tour groups
7. to all kinds of different ways of exploring them 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

Do jellyfish sleep?

Worms and fish do it. Birds and bees do it. But do jellyfish fall asleep?

It was after midnight A__________ where the jellyfish were kept. They left the lights off and walked through the room by the glow of their cellphones. The students did not tell anyone that they were doing this. The secret they were keeping was a "totally crazy" experiment aimed at finding out whether jellyfish sleep.

A few weeks before, B__________ whether jellyfish needed to sleep. "Of course not," said one of them. "Sleep helps C__________. Jellyfish are so simple they don't even have brains. How could they possibly share the need to sleep?" The others weren't so sure, but they wanted to find out.

The three students designed an experiment to test different behaviors and see if the jellyfish were asleep. They watched the animals to see how they moved, and D__________ when they were resting. It turned out that the jellyfish moved about 30 percent less at night. It was also harder to get their attention.

Months of late-night studying led to amazing results. Young scientists reported E__________ sleeplike behavior. This made it the first animal without a brain known to do so. The results suggest F__________ life, as the jellyfish group of animals first arose about 700 million years ago, and has stuck with us ever since. 

1. how talkative they were in a situation close to
2. that sleep evolved early in the history of animal
3. that the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea showed
4. strengthen memory and keep the brain healthy
5. the students were having coffee and started debating
6. when three science students crept into the lab
7. if they could get the jellies' attention 
 

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Запишите ответ в виде последовательности цифр, где первая цифра - часть предложения для пропуска A, а последняя цифра - часть предложения для пропуска F.

The Seven Sisters

After the Second World War, officials in the Soviet Union embarked on a building frenzy to add a grand architectural style to Moscow’s skyline. As put by Joseph Stalin, the country’s leader who had led the nation during the war, the Soviet Union was victorious, A________.

The Seven Sisters are a collection of seven buildings that Stalin commissioned to be built between 1947 and 1953. His thinking was to have skyscrapers just like existed in Western cities such as New York and London. It was a matter of prestige for the Soviet nation, he felt, В________.

The idea for the first ever Moscow skyscraper had actually come before the Second World War. The building, the Palace of the Soviets, was never completed. Construction began in 1937, but the German invasion in 1941 halted work С_______ .

Each of the Seven Sisters has a large base of several floors, with the base size varying from one building to the next. The upper floors are much less wide than the base, D_______ . The building designs are both elegant and imposing.

The buildings served various purposes, which have not changed since their erection. Some are hotels, such as the Hotel Ukraina, E________. When it opened in 1957, it was the world’s tallest hotel building. Other buildings house government ministries, such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Russian Federation.

Strangely, the term ‘Seven Sisters’ is not used by Russians. Rather, they call the buildings ‘Stalinskie Vysotki’, or ‘Stalin’s skyscrapers’. The style was replicated in former USSR and Eastern Bloc countries F________, places that were influenced by Stalinist architecture.

1. and the building materials were removed and used for military defence
2. with the focus on creating the greatest buildings known to man
3. and can be seen in Kiev, Warsaw and Bucharest
4. and it was one of his missions to make that a reality
5. yet its capital had nothing to show for it
6. with the top consisting of a tower which narrows to a point
7. which has since been renamed the Radisson Royal Hotel