2.02 Задание 11. Задание на понимание структурно-смысловых связей в прочитанном тексте

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Mir Space Station Dining Table

When living in a cramped space with two or more people for months, you’d think that there would be no need for a special shared zone. But on Russia’s Mir space station, a high-tech dining table is A__________ and discuss aeronautical projects. The Mir station orbited Earth from 1986 to 2001, straight through the end of the Soviet Union. The station was B__________ habitation. Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov still holds the record for the longest continuous space stay. The multicoloured dining table was C__________. It came with slots where cosmonauts could heat up tins and tubes of food like liver stroganoff and chicken in white sauce. A built-in vacuum cleaner would suck up any stray crumbs, D__________ could be damaged by dust. The table could also distribute hot and cold water for rehydrating food. The Mir station was E__________ expected. The table was important as a surface for food prep and work. However, it was also a place where international astronauts could connect and collaborate while breaking bread. The dining table was brought back to Earth to the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics F__________.

1. located in the station’s core module

2. in Moscow, where it can be seen today

3. a place where the crew gather for meals

4. the first experiment with long-term space

5. a vital feature when important equipment

6. appeared at the London Science Museum as

7. in service for 15 years, three times longer than

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Santa Claus 

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A____________________ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B____________________. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C____________________ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe. St. Nicholas first D____________________ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers. In the 19th centuries big stores E____________________ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F____________________ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

1. was only a matter of time

2. stretches all the way back to

3. is celebrated on the anniversary of

4. became the subject of many legends

5. appeared in American popular culture

6. began dressing up unemployed men in

7. began to advertise Christmas shopping

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City of fountains - AF09F3 Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof. The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope. According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured

2. which is a former royal countryside residence

3. who designs many royal residences in Europe

4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century

5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls

6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland

7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

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Do jellyfish sleep? 

Worms and fish do it. Birds and bees do it. But do jellyfish fall asleep? It was after midnight A__________ where the jellyfish were kept. They left the lights off and walked through the room by the glow of their cellphones. The students did not tell anyone that they were doing this. The secret they were keeping was a “totally crazy” experiment aimed at finding out whether jellyfish sleep. A few weeks before, B__________ whether jellyfish needed to sleep. “Of course not,” said one of them. “Sleep helps C__________. Jellyfish are so simple they don’t even have brains. How could they possibly share the need to sleep?” The others weren’t so sure, but they wanted to find out. The three students designed an experiment to test different behaviors and see if the jellyfish were asleep. They watched the animals to see how they moved, and D__________ when they were resting. It turned out that the jellyfish moved about 30 percent less at night. It was also harder to get their attention. Months of late-night studying led to amazing results. Young scientists reported E__________ sleeplike behavior. This made it the first animal without a brain known to do so. The results suggest F__________ life, as the jellyfish group of animals first arose about 700 million years ago, and has stuck with us ever since.

1. if they could get the jellies’ attention

2. how talkative they were in a situation close to

3. when three science students crept into the lab

4. that sleep evolved early in the history of animal

5. strengthen memory and keep the brain healthy

6. that the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea showed

7. the students were having coffee and started debating

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Willis Tower today

Willis Tower is the heart of downtown Chicago and the future of work and play. The 110-story building is one of the tallest buildings in the world and the second tallest building in North America, making it impossible to miss A__________. The magnitude of this magnificent steel frame skyscraper can seem impossible to understand. Willis Tower is now owned by Blackstone and managed by EQ Office. It is home to more than 100 businesses including law firms, insurance, transportation, financial companies and more. Radio and television stations are broadcast from Willis Tower’s rooftop. 15,000 people work at the Tower each day, B__________. And 12 million people pass by and through the Tower each year. It is not surprising C__________. The Tower is not only an innovator in promoting green practices among its tenants, but also stands D__________ in increasing energy and water efficiency and reducing waste. Over the past 20 years, the Tower has reduced annual electricity consumption by 34% by E__________ and adopting special conservation practices. The building saves 10 million gallons of water each year by relying on reduced water-flow fixtures. These innovations are encouraging those in charge of the building to look into certification for energy efficiency and explore renewable energy resources, such F__________ covered with vegetation.

1. when appreciating the big city’s skyline

2. that the true color of Willis Tower is green

3. as solar and wind power and “green roofs”

4. as a leader among American skyscrapers

5. using new lighting systems and controls

6. that was designed and built many years ago

7. not counting thousands of the building’s visitors

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State History Museum 

The State History Museum is the largest historical museum in Russia. It is situated at the northern end of Red Square in the heart of Moscow. What once was the Principal Medicine Store now houses a huge collection A__________ the Stone Age. It was founded in 1872 and opened to the public in 1883. The museum is housed in a neo-Russian style building, B__________. It is one of the most prominent buildings in Red Square. Each room is in the style of a different period or region. The walls in some rooms are decorated in the style of Russian churches. The impressive collection of the State History Museum includes relics of prehistoric tribes C__________ present-day Russia. The exhibits about medieval Russia are excellent. Several rooms of this period cover the Mongol invasions D__________. The 2nd floor is dedicated to the Imperial period. The exhibits include personal items of the royal family members, furniture and decoration from the palace interiors. There are also various pieces of artworks and documents from the era. Specific rooms are dedicated to the reigns of various tsars. An unexpected highlight is an exhibition E__________ by examining the growing network of roads and how people travelled in the past. The State History Museum has also the country’s largest coin collection, the 6th-century manuscripts and artworks F__________ during their reign.

1. which is an attraction in its own right

2. that once inhabited the big territory of

3. and cave paintings of prehistoric times

4. and the consolidation of the Russian state

5. covering Russian history since the time of

6. that were collected by the Romanov dynasty

7. addressing the expansion of the Russian Empire

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Improving punctuality

Some people fall into the trap of thinking that it's really no big deal to be consistently late. There’s a saying that goes, “90% of life is just showing up”. If that's the case, then showing up on time is 100% of life! There are A__________ others wait for you. If you keep your friends waiting too often, they’ll start to think that you don’t care about your friendship enough to be there on time. Being consistently late for your job is grounds for contract termination at most workplaces, while being late B__________ on important information. Whatever the situation, there are always benefits of being on time, while there are rarely ever benefits of being late. First, you’re only using more energy by being late. Having to come up with an excuse for C__________ to do it too often. You could concentrate D__________ time, freeing up your mental resources. Being late also causes stress, so you’ll save yourself from a stressful situation just by arriving at the correct time. Think about it this way: if you come to work on time every day while another co-worker has a less-than-stellar record when it comes to tardiness, who will the bosses be more willing to promote? All other things being equal, being punctual will display good time management skills, E__________. However you look at it, it’s always going to be more advantageous to arrive at your destination on time. The negative F__________ any positive aspects. Make punctuality a part of your personality.

1. for class could cause you to miss out

2. your lateness is mentally draining if you have

3. very few situations where it’s not rude to make

4. consequences of being late always far outweigh

5. on more important things instead by simply being on

6. aspect of being on time is that you may find yourself

7. and that could mean the difference in getting you the next promotion

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Gorky Park

Gorky Park in Moscow is one of the best recreational places. Moscow’s main city escape is not a conventional expanse of nature preserved inside the urban jungle. It is not a fun fair either, A__________. Its official name says it all – Gorky’s Central Park of Culture and Leisure. That is exactly what it provides: culture and leisure in all shapes and forms. It especially attracts those B__________. However, people who prefer peaceful places can sail boats or catamaran or take a walk to Neskuchny Garden, located nearby. Here one can always find a quiet place. The first recreational park of Russia was opened on the 12th of August 1928. It was designed by avantgarde architect Konstantin Melnikov. There were exhibition pavilions, tennis courts, a decorative pool and attractions for kids. There was not such a place C__________. The park was given the name of famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky in 1932. Since then it has been called Gorky Park. Nowadays, Gorky Park is the central park of Moscow D__________ 20 thousand people on weekdays and more than 100 thousand on weekends and holidays. Since 2011 Gorky Park has become the first world-class amusement park in Russia with space for rest, sport, dancing and games outside. The park offers free entrance, wi-fi coverage, as well E__________. It is a perfect place for an active holiday, with many things to do. Gorky Park now serves F__________, a point of attraction for youth and families.

1. as a true centre of city life

2. and is attended by more than

3. though the park used to be one

4. who like fun and entertainment

5. as this park in the world at the time

6. as newly designed recreational zones

7. who enjoys cultural events and shows

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Borodino battlefield 

Borodino battlefield was the site of the turning-point Battle of Borodino in 1812, during the Napoleonic Wars. Two hundred years later, the rural site presents a vivid history lesson. The entire battlefield is now part of the Borodino Field Museum-Reserve, with dozens of memorials to specific divisions and generals. The hilltop monument in front of the Borodino Museum is Bagration’s tomb. It is the grave of Prince Bagration, a heroic general A__________. The Borodino Museum is an excellent place to start with B__________. Visitors can study an interactive diorama of the Battle of Borodino before setting out to see the site in person. The main exhibitions feature original objects from the battle, C__________ and personal items. The displays, created by soldiers and their contemporaries, demonstrate the perception of the battle and the Napoleonic Wars at the time. There is also an exhibition D__________ at this site. There are several other exhibitions related to the 1812 battle on the grounds of the Borodino Monastery. Leo Tolstoy stayed there E__________ for his novel War and Peace. If travelling by car, tourists can see monuments F__________, as well as the headquarters of both the French and Russian armies. If tourists come by train, they will see the monuments only along the road between the train station and the museum.

1. as it provides a useful overview

2. when he was writing about the events

3. who was mortally wounded in the battle

4. including uniforms, weapons, documents

5. that is dedicated to the World War II battle

6. who has become a soldier and a great writer

7. marking the sites of the most violent fighting

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London’s skyscraper

The Shard is a modern glass skyscraper in London. The skyscraper is situated in the London Bridge Quarter in Southwark. It is right near the heart of London and only the river separates it from the City of London. The area is full of history: a bridge was built there by the Romans around 50 AD A__________. The plans for the London Bridge Tower, as the building was initially called, caused a strong protest from people B__________ for a historic neighbourhood with mostly low-rise brick buildings. They claimed the tower would cut through the neighbourhood like a shard of glass. The name “shard” stuck C__________ – “The Shard”. When it was completed the Shard held the record as Europe’s tallest skyscraper with a height of almost 310 metres. Only a couple of months later, it was surpassed in height by Moscow’s Mercury City Tower. The Shard towers over the neighbourhood and is visible from afar. The iconic skyscraper looks particularly spectacular at night D__________. The building is multifunctional, with offices and a hotel on the lower floors E__________. The top floors of the Shard are home to the “View from the Shard”, an observation deck F__________ of the city. On a clear day one can see as far as sixty kilometres. At a height of 245 metres, this is the highest public viewing gallery in London, almost twice as high as the London Eye.

1. when seen from across the river Thames

2. who is concerned about the city’s heritage

3. and the developers even renamed the tower

4. who considered the glass tower inappropriate

5. and residential apartments on the upper floors

6. that offers visitors spectacular 360 degree views

7. and in 1836 the first railway station opened there

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Red Pandas 

Have you ever seen a red panda? With their cute fluffy faces and funny games, they’ve become internet superstars. Red pandas look nothing like giant pandas; yet just like them, red pandas live in the mountainous forests of Asia. But while giant pandas belong to the bear family, red pandas A__________, raccoons and weasels. Red pandas were carnivores, B__________. They had teeth designed for ripping and shredding. However, more than 2 million years ago, they decided bamboo was a better choice and switched to a bamboo-based diet. Bamboo doesn’t run away, C__________. They might also occasionally eat fruits, insects and bird eggs, too. Red pandas are skilled tree-top navigators. They have sharp claws like a cat, D__________. They also use their bushy tails to help keep their balance. The funny fact about red pandas is that they can climb down a tree headfirst. They are E__________. Though it might not seem like it, a red panda’s rusty coat helps them to hide in the forest. The trees F__________ and Myanmar are covered with reddish-brown moss. Red pandas blend right in. Red pandas also have black fur on their belly and legs. This helps them camouflage with the forest's dark leaves. This also helps them hide from their predators.

1. which are animals that eat meat

2. one of the few animals that can do this

3. are probably more closely related to skunks

4. it’s always green, and you can always find it

5. which they use to hold on to slippery tree branches

6. in the mountainous forests of China, India, Nepal

7. who have everything for eating and digesting plants

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Bandy 

Have you ever heard of such a sport as bandy? It is the “elder brother” of hockey, and Russia A__________. Folk amusements resembling bandy were known in Russia already before the Middle Ages. Some historians even say that Emperor Peter I, B__________, was a fan of this sport. Yet, bandy became popular only at the end of the XIX century. By that time, certain rules had already been settled. In 1888 a sports club appeared in Saint Petersburg, which was founded by one of the students. And in 1897 Petr Moskvin, C__________, developed single bandy rules for Russia. Next year, on March 8, 1898 the first match was played. This date is called the “birthday” of Russian bandy. At the beginning of the XX century, bandy D__________. As a result, it was often called “Russian hockey”. And hockey with a puck really came into being largely because of the great popularity of bandy. Therefore, many rules of the games are similar. Yet, the differences between these two sports are quite significant. The most important ones are about inventory and a team. Bandy uses a rubber ball, E__________, instead of a puck. As for the team, F__________, there can be no more than six hockey players from one team on the field. While in bandy, eleven players including a goalkeeper make the same team on the field.

1. was very popular all over Russia

2. while Russia kept bandy traditions

3. played a big role in its development

4. when it comes to hockey with a puck

5. who brought skates from the Netherlands

6. an enthusiastic sportsman and the founder of the circle

7. which weighs 60 grams and is 6.3 centimetres in diameter

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Kenya 

Kenya – the name is almost synonymous with the word “safari”. Few other places on the planet evoke such a spirit of adventure and romance. The diversity of things to do in Kenya dazzles all who visit it, A__________. In those sunny lands, ancient tribes, such as the Maasai, Kikuyu, and Samburu, retain their traditional customs, B__________. Crowned by Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest peak, Amboseli National Reserve is one of Kenya’s most popular tourist parks. The reserve is one of the best places in Africa C__________. Other wildlife commonly spotted in the park includes big cats, such as lion and cheetah, as well as giraffes, impalas, gazelles, D__________. Nature lovers can explore five different habitats there, ranging from the driedup bed of Lake Amboseli to wetlands, savannah, and woodlands. Kenya is stunning. Beyond the world-famous safari parks lies a collection of coastal treasures. Tourists can snorkel and dive fish-rich coral reefs, relax on pearly beaches, experience the melting pot of cultures and cuisines, E__________. Tourists can also climb the snow-covered peaks of Mount Kenya and fish for trout in crystal-clear streams. To experience the romance of Kenya’s colourful colonial history, it is advised to head to Nairobi. That bustling capital is the gateway F__________.

1. to view large herds of elephants up close

2. and viewing the country’s wildlife tops the list

3. and more than 600 species of different birds

4. and explore tropical islands frozen in history

5. resting on trees or hunting their prey in the wild

6. to one of the world’s exciting travel destinations

7. living in relative harmony with the natural world

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Russian souvenirs

When you travel to Russia, you will undoubtedly want to bring back a memento from your trip, not to mention small souvenirs for important people back home. It’s very easy in Russia to fall A__________ Matryoshka dolls from one of the massive souvenir markets. If you’re travelling on a budget, you don’t have to hunt B__________ magnet. Choose one of these interesting, unique, and truly Russian gifts instead. Russia makes some incredible candy and chocolate, and you can find these for sale in almost any Russian shop. Sometimes you can even C__________ the shop there. You can’t go wrong with Russian candy, but be careful, don’t go for the cheapest kind of chocolate, and obviously don’t buy anything that is clearly not Russian. Another option is “Valenki”: traditional Russian winter boots, made out of sheep’s wool felt. They usually don’t D__________ grey felt, and are thus often worn with “galoshes”, or rubber boots. These days you can find valenki combined with rubber soles to make a real shoe. One way or E__________ Russia. They’re warm and they make great slippers and presents for babies and children. Russia is also famous F__________ authentic and inexpensive gift would be a Russian classic. You can find Russian books in translation in many bookstores.

1. others bring cheap souvenirs from

2. visit the factory and buy chocolate in

3. have a hard sole, just one thick piece of

4. into the tourist trap of buying overpriced

5. around for the cheapest nesting doll set or

6. another, they are a gift straight out of historical

7. for its authors, poets, and playwrights, so a great

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Abramtsevo 

Among the beautiful forests of Moscow Region, is the Abramtsevo Estate, which became a meeting point for the most outstanding members of the Russian cultural circle. At different times the estate was visited by Russian writers, A__________ Ivan Turgenev. But the estate became most famous due to the painters who worked there: Vasily Polenov, Viktor Vasnetsov, Ilya Repin, Valentin Serov, and Mikhail Vrubel. In 1870 Savva Mamontov, B__________, bought the lovely estate 45 km north of Moscow. There, he hosted a large number of artists, C__________. Many artists came there to try their hand at the woodwork and ceramics workshops. Famous musicians of that time performed in Mamontov’s private opera, including Feodor Chaliapin, D__________. Several rooms of the manor house have been preserved intact, complete with artwork by various former resident artists. The main attraction is Mamontov’s cozy dining room, E__________ his wife, as well as Valentin Serov’s luminous picture The Girl with Peaches. A striking majolica bench by Mikhail Vrubel is in the garden. One of the main symbols of the estate is the Saviour Church, F__________. It is the prettiest building on the grounds. The structure is a perfect realization of the owner’s intentions to show his deep respect for the 14th-century Novgorod architecture.

1. who made his debut in Abramtsevo

2. which was built between 1881 and 1882

3. including Nikolai Gogol, Leo Tolstoy and

4. which was invented by a famous Russian writer

5. featuring Ilya Repin’s portraits of the patron and

6. who sought inspiration in the gardens and forests

7. who was a railway magnate and patron of the arts

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Aurora 

The cruiser Aurora is a museum in St. Petersburg. It is a former Russian naval ship that has played an important part in the country’s history. The Aurora was built between 1897 and 1900 at the Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg. The cruiser was one of the largest ships of its time. After its construction was complete, the Aurora took its place as part of the Russian 2nd Squadron in the Pacific Ocean. In May 1905, it took part in the Battle of Tsushima and was one of just a few Russian ships A__________. After the battle in the Baltic, it returned to St. Petersburg B__________. The ship served during World War I. When it returned to St. Petersburg in 1916 for major repairs, the city was on the edge of revolution C__________ the 1917 February Revolution. Soon the Aurora was to play a huge part in the October revolution. The ship is famous for firing the shot D__________ the Winter Palace. Once again in 1922, the Aurora served as a training ship. During World War II, the ship’s guns were removed to use for land defense. Unfortunately, being left defenseless it was sunk in Leningrad harbour to keep it from E__________. The ship was brought back to the surface in 1944 and later, after extensive repairs, it was permanently anchored at the harbour and became a museum in 1957. The Aurora is now maintained by cadets from the nearby Nakhimov Navy School. Admission is free to the public, F__________ a small fee.

1. and many crew members joined

2. and became a cadet training ship

3. that survived the intense naval battle

4. that signaled the prepared attack on

5. protecting the territory of the harbour

6. falling into the hands of the Germans

7. though a visit to the engine room carries

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Veliky Novgorod

Veliky Novgorod, one of the most ancient cities of Russia, was founded in the 9-10th centuries. Veliky Novgorod was a political centre of vast territories stretching up from Baltic lands to the Urals. For a long time the city had been the largest centre of culture in Russia, A__________. Many outstanding monuments of medieval architecture and painting have been preserved in the city. The Kremlin is one of the most popular sights. It was built in 1044 by order of Prince Jaroslav the Wise. It is surrounded by a wall 1487 metres long. It once had 12 towers, B__________. The particular characteristic of the Kremlin is a large number of churches on the area. The architecture represents the style of the 15th century. The area around the Kremlin is very wellkept C__________. From the bastions one will have a wonderful view over the whole city. The outdoor Vitoslavlitsy Museum of Folk Wooden Architecture is a haven to the people D__________ with massive skyscrapers, business centres and shopping malls. The museum presents some excellent examples of wooden structures from different parts and suburbs of Veliky Novgorod. The scenery here is so quiet E__________ and will just enjoy the stunning view of the Russian village. The visit to the city helps to get acquainted with the history and the way of life of common country folk F__________ in different times.

1. and has a lot of green places

2. but now only 9 of them still exist

3. that they are protected by the state

4. where chronicles and books were created

5. who are tired of modern urban architecture

6. that one will easily forget about all the troubles

7. who lived on the territory of Novgorod principality

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Unique nature of Kamchatka 

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A__________ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature. Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B__________. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The region is also known C__________ – rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D__________. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka. Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E__________ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F__________ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

1. that makes it a place to visit when

2. to be a place of many water sources

3. so it is necessary to monitor it all the time

4. which are depicted on most souvenirs there

5. who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears

6. which has the second largest concentration of

7. to be a popular nature reserve and health resort

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Forbidden City 

China’s largest and most important building is the Forbidden City, also known as the Imperial Palace. It is situated in the very heart of Beijing and it is a must-see A__________. Started between 1271-1368, much of the complex seen today was built between 1406 and 1420. Really many splendid palaces in one, this sprawling complex was the residence of 24 Ming and Qing emperors, B__________ other than the imperial family and their courtesans. Covering some 720,000 square metres and protected by a 10-metre-high wall with watchtowers and a wide moat, this massive complex consists of different areas. They were set aside for ceremonial and administrative purposes, as well C__________. While it can take many hours to see everything, highlights include the five white marble Golden River Bridges and the Hall of Supreme Harmony, a 35-metre-tall building housing the imperial throne. One can enjoy the beautiful emperor’s banquet hall, D__________. There is the Palace Museum with its large collection of art and artifacts from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Other important attractions in the area around the Imperial Palace include famous Tiananmen Square and the Temple of Heaven, one of the country’s most important religious sites, E__________, the period of the Ming dynasty. In 1987, the former imperial residence was listed F__________.

1. which dates back to the 15th century

2. when visiting the country on a guided tour

3. who are concerned about the site protection

4. as a private residence used by the emperor

5. as a protected UNESCO World Heritage site

6. whose presence forbade the entry of anyone

7. which is known as the Hall of Preserving Harmony

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State Darwin Museum 

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist. He found that all species of life A__________ and worded out the scientific theory. According to it, evolution happens because of a process that is called natural selection. The museum, like every prominent social and cultural event, has an individual initiative as its basis. The State Darwin Museum was B__________ and persuasion from A.F. Kots, a young Russian scientist who was very fond of Darwin. It was C__________ Higher Women’s Courses. It was the first museum of biological evolution and natural history in the world. Today the State Darwin Museum is D__________ three buildings with the total area more than 20 000 sq.m. There are more than 5,000 items occupying the three floors of the museum. One of the most impressive sections has dinosaur models, presented with a fabulous dinosaur soundtrack. The museum E__________ the living world. It has a large display, which shows the variety of wildlife on earth, with animals from all climatic zones from the North Pole to the South. One of the largest collections at the museum is the bird collection, which F__________ birds of paradise.

1. had evolved from common ancestors

2. built in Moscow in 1907, under pressure

3. showing most of the endangered species found in

4. the largest museum of natural science that occupies

5. established as an educational museum at the Moscow

6. presentsa complete scientific picture of the evolution of

7. consists of many exotic species, including hummingbirds and